| 第 4 章 国会 CHAPTER IV: THE DIET | |
 | |
| 第41条 第42条 第43条 第44条 第45条 第46条 第47条 第48条 第49条 第50条 第51条 第52条 第53条 第54条 第55条 第56条 第57条 第58条 第59条 第60条 第61条 第62条 第63条 第64条 |
| |
| |
| |
| 第 41 条 Article 41 |
| |
| 国会は, 国権の最高機関であつて, 国の唯一の立法機関である. |
| |
| The Diet shall be the highest organ of state power, and shall be the sole law-making organ of the State. |
| |
| |
| |
| 第 42 条 Article 42 |
| |
| 国会は, 衆議院及び参議院の両議院でこれを構成する. |
| |
| The Diet shall consist of two Houses, namely the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors. |
| |
| |
| |
| 第 43 条 Article 43 |
| |
| 1) 両議院は, 全国民を代表する選挙された議員でこれを組織する. |
| |
| 1) Both Houses shall consist of elected members, representative of all the people. |
| |
| 2) 両議院の議員の定数は, 法律でこれを定める. |
| |
| 2) The number of the members of each House shall be fixed by law. |
| |
| |
| |
| 第 44 条 Article 44 |
| |
| 両議院の議員及びその選挙人の資格は, 法律でこれを定める. 但し, 人種, 信条, 性別, 社会的身分, 門地, 教育, 財産又は収入によつて差別してはならない. |
| |
| The qualifications of members of both Houses and their electors shall be fixed by law. However, there shall be no discrimination because of race, creed, sex, social status, family origin, education, property or income. |
| |
| |
| |
| 第 45 条 Article 45 |
| |
| 衆議院議員の任期は, 4 年とする. 但し, 衆議院解散の場合には, その期間満了前に終了する. |
| |
| The term of office of members of the House of Representatives shall be four years. However, the term shall be terminated before the full term is up in case the House of Representatives is dissolved. |
| |
| |
| |
| 第 46 条 Article 46 |
| |
| 参議院議員の任期は, 6 年とし, 3 年ごとに議員の半数を改選する. |
| |
| The term of office of members of the House of Councillors shall be six years, and election for half the members shall take place every three years. |
| |
| |
| |
| 第 47 条 Article 47 |
| |
| 選挙区, 投票の方法その他両議院の議員の選挙に関する事項は, 法律でこれを定める. |
| |
| Electoral districts, method of voting and other matters pertaining to the method of election of members of both Houses shall be fixed by law. |
| |
| |
| |
| 第 48 条 Article 48 |
| |
| 何人も, 同時に両議院の議員たることはできない. |
| |
| No person shall be permitted to be a member of both Houses simultaneously. |
| |
| |
| |
| 第 49 条 Article 49 |
| |
| 両議院の議員は, 法律の定めるところにより, 国庫から相当額の歳費を受ける. |
| |
| Members of both Houses shall receive appropriate annual payment from the national treasury in accordance with law. |
| |
| |
| |
| 第 50 条 Article 50 |
| |
| 両議院の議員は, 法律の定める場合を除いては, 国会の会期中逮捕されず, 会期前に逮捕された議員は, その議院の要求があれば, 会期中これを釈放しなければならない. |
| |
| Except in cases as provided by law, members of both Houses shall be exempt from apprehension while the Diet is in session, and any members apprehended before the opening of the session shall be freed during the term of the session upon demand of the House. |
| |
| |
| |
| 第 51 条 Article 51 |
| |
| 両議院の議員は, 議院で行つた演説, 討論又は表決について, 院外で責任を問はれない. |
| |
| Members of both Houses shall not be held liable outside the House for speeches, debates or votes cast inside the House. |
| |
| |
| |
| 第 52 条 Article 52 |
| |
| 国会の常会は, 毎年 1 回これを召集する. |
| |
| An ordinary session of the Diet shall be convoked once per year. |
| |
| |
| |
| 第 53 条 Article 53 |
| |
| 内閣は, 国会の臨時会の召集を決定することができる. いづれかの議院の総議員の 4 分の 1 以上の要求があれば, 内閣は, その召集を決定しなければならない. |
| |
| The Cabinet may determine to convoke extraordinary sessions of the Diet. When a quarter or more of the total members of either House makes the demand, the Cabinet must determine on such convocation. |
| |
| |
| |
| 第 54 条 Article 54 |
| |
| 1) 衆議院が解散されたときは, 解散の日から 40 日以内に, 衆議院議員の総選挙を行ひ, その選挙の日から 30 日以内に, 国会を召集しなければならない. |
| |
| 1) When the House of Representatives is dissolved, there must be a general election of members of the House of Representatives within forty (40) days from the date of dissolution, and the Diet must be convoked within thirty (30) days from the date of the election. |
| |
| 2) 衆議院が解散されたときは, 参議院は, 同時に閉会となる. 但し, 内閣は, 国に緊急の必要があるときは, 参議院の緊急集会を求めることができる. |
| |
| 2) When the House of Representatives is dissolved, the House of Councillors is closed at the same time. However, the Cabinet may in time of national emergency convoke the House of Councillors in emergency session. |
| |
| 3) 前項但書の緊急集会において採られた措置は, 臨時のものであつて, 次の国会開会の後 10 日以内に, 衆議院の同意がない場合には, その効力を失ふ. |
| |
| 3) Measures taken at such session as mentioned in the proviso of the preceding paragraph shall be provisional and shall become null and void unless agreed to by the House of Representatives within a period of ten (10) days after the opening of the next session of the Diet. |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| 第 55 条 Article 55 |
| |
| 両議院は, 各々その議員の資格に関する争訟を裁判する. 但し, 議員の議席を失はせるには, 出席議員の 3 分の 2 以上の多数による議決を必要とする. |
| |
| Each House shall judge disputes related to qualifications of its members. However, in order to deny a seat to any member, it is necessary to pass a resolution by a majority of two-thirds or more of the members present. |
| |
| |
| |
| 第 56 条 Article 56 |
| |
| 1) 両議院は, 各々その総議員の3分の1以上の出席がなければ, 議事を開き議決することができない. |
| |
| 1) Business cannot be transacted in either House unless one-third or more of total membership is present. |
| |
| 2)両議院の議事は, この憲法に特別の定のある場合を除いては, 出席議員の過半数でこれを決し, 可否同数のときは, 議長の決するところによる. |
| |
| 2) All matters shall be decided, in each House, by a majority of those present, except as elsewhere provided in the Constitution, and in case of a tie, the presiding officer shall decide the issue. |
| |
| |
| |
| 第 57 条 Article 57 |
| |
| 1) 両議院の会議は, 公開とする. 但し, 出席議員の3分の2以上の多数で議決したときは, 秘密会を開くことができる. |
| |
| 1) Deliberation in each House shall be public. However, a secret meeting may be held where a majority of two-thirds or more of those members present passes a resolution therefor. |
| |
| 2) 両議院は, 各々その会議の記録を保存し, 秘密会の記録の中で特に秘密を要すると認められるもの以外は, これを公表し, 且つ一般に頒布しなければならない. |
| |
| 2) Each House shall keep a record of proceedings. This record shall be published and given general circulation, excepting such parts of proceedings of secret session as may be deemed to require secrecy. |
| |
| 3) 出席議員の 5 分の 1 以上の要求があれば, 各議員の表決は, これを会議録に記載しなければならない. |
| |
| 3) Upon demand of one-fifth or more of the members present, votes of the members on any matter shall be recorded in the minutes. |
| |
| |
| |
| 第 58 条 Article 58 |
| |
| 1) 両議院は, 各々その議長その他の役員を選任する. |
| |
| 1) Each House shall select its own president and other officials. |
| |
| 2) 両議院は, 各々その会議その他の手続及び内部の規律に関する規則を定め, 又, 院内の秩序をみだした議員を懲罰することができる. 但し, 議員を除名するには, 出席議員の 3 分の 2 以上の多数による議決を必要とする. |
| |
| 2) Each House shall establish its rules pertaining to meetings, proceedings and internal discipline, and may punish members for disorderly conduct. However, in order to expel a member, a majority of two-thirds or more of those members present must pass a resolution thereon. |
| |
| |
| |
| 第 59 条 Article 59 |
| |
| 1) 法律案は, この憲法に特別の定のある場合を除いては, 両議院で可決したとき法律となる. |
| |
| 1) A bill becomes a law on passage by both Houses, except as otherwise provided for by the Constitution. |
| |
| 2) 衆議院で可決し, 参議院でこれと異なつた議決をした法律案は, 衆議院で出席議員の 3 分の 2 以上の多数で再び可決したときは, 法律となる. |
| |
| 2) A bill which is passed by the House of Representatives, and upon which the House of Councillors makes a decision different from that of the House of Representatives, becomes a law when passed a second time by the House of Representatives by a majority of two-thirds or more of the members present. |
| |
| 3) 前項の規定は, 法律の定めるところにより, 衆議院が, 両議院の協議会を開くことを求めることを妨げない. |
| |
| 3) The provision of the preceding paragraph does not preclude the House of Representatives from calling for the meeting of a joint committee of both Houses, provided for by law. |
| |
| 4) 参議院が, 衆議院の可決した法律案を受け取つた後, 国会休会中の期間を除いて 60 日以内に, 議決しないときは, 衆議院は, 参議院がその法律案を否決したものとみなすことができる. |
| |
| 4) Failure by the House of Councillors to take final action within sixty (60) days after receipt of a bill passed by the House of Representatives, time in recess excepted, may be determined by the House of Representatives to constitute a rejection of the said bill by the House of Councillors. |
| |
| |
| |
| 第 60 条 Article 60 |
| |
| 1) 予算は, さきに衆議院に提出しなければならない. |
| |
| 1) The budget must first be submitted to the House of Representatives. |
| |
| 2) 予算について, 参議院で衆議院と異なつた議決をした場合に, 法律の定めるところにより, 両議院の協議会を開いても意見が一致しないとき, 又は参議院が, 衆議院の可決した予算を受け取つた後, 国会休会中の期間を除いて30日以内に, 議決しないときは, 衆議院の議決を国会の議決とする. |
| |
| 2) Upon consideration of the budget, when the House of Councillors makes a decision different from that of the House of Representatives, and when no agreement can be reached even through a joint committee of both Houses, provided for by law, or in the case of failure by the House of Councillors to take final action within thirty (30) days, the period of recess excluded, after the receipt of the budget passed by the House of Representatives, the decision of the House of Representatives shall be the decision of the Diet. |
| |
| |
| |
| 第 61 条 Article 61 |
| |
| 条約の締結に必要な国会の承認については, 前条第 2 項の規定を準用する. |
| |
| The second paragraph of the preceding article applies also to the Diet approval required for the conclusion of treaties. |
| |
| |
| |
| 第 62 条 Article 62 |
| |
| 両議院は, 各々国政に関する調査を行ひ, これに関して, 証人の出頭及び証言並びに記録の提出を要求することができる. |
| |
| Each House may conduct investigations in relation to government, and may demand the presence and testimony of witnesses, and the production of records. |
| |
| |
| |
| 第 63 条 Article 63 |
| |
| 内閣総理大臣その他の国務大臣は, 両議院の一に議席を有すると有しないとにかかはらず, 何時でも議案について発言するため議院に出席することができる. 又, 答弁又は説明のため出席を求められたときは, 出席しなければならない. |
| |
| The Prime Minister and other Ministers of State may, at any time, appear in either House for the purpose of speaking on bills, regardless of whether they are members of the House or not. They must appear when their presence is required in order to give answers or explanations. |
| |
| |
| |
| 第 64 条 Article 64 |
| |
| 1) 国会は, 罷免の訴追を受けた裁判官を裁判するため, 両議院の議員で組織する弾劾裁判所を設ける. |
| |
| 1) The Diet shall set up an impeachment court from among the members of both Houses for the purpose of trying those judges against whom removal proceedings have been instituted. |
| |
| 2) 弾劾に関する事項は, 法律でこれを定める. |
| |
| 2) Matters relating to impeachment shall be provided by law. |
| |
| |
| |
| |
研究社Online Dictionary © Kenkyusha Co., Ltd. 2004.