| 鎌倉時代-江戸時代 |
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| 鎌倉時代 Kamakura Period (1192-1333) |
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| 1192 |
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| ・源頼朝, 鎌倉幕府を開く Minamoto no Yoritomo, appointed shogun by the emperor, established the Kamakura shogunate. |
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| ・北条氏の実権 After Yoritomo's death (1199), his wife and her relatives (the H j family) took power. |
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| ・執権政治 After the first three shoguns, Yoritomo and his sons, the shoguns sent from Kyoto held no real power. The reins of government passed into the hands of shogunal regents (shikken) who came from the Hj family. |
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| 1221 |
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| ・承久の乱 The Jky Disturbance. The ex-Emperor Gotoba (後鳥羽上皇) raised an army to take back power from the shogunate. The attempt failed and the shogunate's power spread to the western districts, including Kyoto. |
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| 1274 |
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| ・文永の役 The first Mongol invasion. The Mongol Empire under Kublai Khan (フビライ･ハン), which had established the Yuan Dynasty (元朝) in Northern China, invaded Kysh (九州) from Korea but was repulsed. |
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| 1281 |
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| ・弘安の役 The second Mongol invasion. Kublai Khan, who by now had conquered all of China, again sent an expeditionary force to Kysh. |
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| ・鎌倉幕府の弱体化 The invasions were repelled but left the samurai in distress. Unable to reward them for their services, the shogunate lost its influence. |
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| 1333 |
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| ・鎌倉幕府の滅亡 The fall of the Kamakura shogunate. |
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| 室町時代 Muromachi Period (1333-1573) |
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| 1333-35 |
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| ・建武の親政 The Emperor Godaigo (後醍醐天皇) restored imperial rule, but a disillusioned ally, Ashikaga Takauji (足利尊氏), opposed him and drove him from Kyoto. |
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| 1336 |
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| ・南北朝の始まり(事実上室町幕府の発足) The Emperor Godaigo reigned at the court of Yoshino (吉野) (the Southern Dynasty), while Ashikaga Takauji set up a new emperor at Kyoto (the Northern Dynasty). |
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| 1338 |
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| ・足利尊氏, 征夷大将軍に Ashikaga Takauji, appointed shogun by the emperor through his own influence, established the Muromachi (or Ashikaga) shogunate. (Muromachi is the area in Kyoto where the third shogun lived.) |
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| 1392 |
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| ・南北朝の合一 The third shogun, Ashikaga Yoshimitsu (足利義満), consolidated the shogunate and reconciled the Southern Dynasty to the emperor in Kyoto. |
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| 1397 |
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| ・金閣寺建立 The Golden Pavilion was built in Kyoto. |
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| 1467-77 |
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| ・応仁の乱 The  nin War, after which the shogunate no longer had much authority over the daimyo (feudal lords). This war marked the beginning of the Warring States Period (戦国時代). |
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| 1543 |
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| ・種子島に鉄砲伝来 The first arrival of Westerners in Japan. Portuguese sailors stranded at Tanegashima, an island south of Kysh, brought the first firearms to Japan. |
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| 1549 |
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| ・宣教師フランシスコ･ザビエルによるキリスト教伝来 Christianity was introduced to Japan by Jesuit missionary Francis Xavier, who had been working in southern India and the Malay Peninsula. |
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| 1560 |
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| ・桶狭間の戦い The Battle of Okehazama. Oda Nobunaga (織田信長) defeated the much superior army of Imagawa Yoshimoto (今川義元). |
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| 1568 |
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| ・織田信長の京都入り Oda Nobunaga, answering a plea from Ashikaga Yoshiaki (足利義昭) in exile, entered Kyoto and set Yoshiaki up as shogun. |
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| 1573 |
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| ・室町幕府の滅亡 Oda Nobunaga expelled the shogun, thus putting an end to the Muromachi shogunate. |
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| 安土桃山時代 Azuchi-Momoyama Period (1568-1600) |
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| 1575 |
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| ・長篠の戦い The Battle of Nagashino. Oda Nobunaga used massive firepower to defeat the cavalry of Takeda Katsuyori (武田勝頼). |
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| 1582 |
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| ・本能寺の変 The Honnji Incident. Oda Nobunaga, who had all but achieved the reunification of Japan, perished in a raid by the rebel Akechi Mitsuhide (明智光秀) at the Honnji Temple. |
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| 1590 |
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| ・豊臣秀吉の天下統一 The reunification process was completed by Toyotomi Hideyoshi (then known as Hashiba Hideyoshi 羽柴秀吉). He had defeated Akechi Mitsuhide immediately after the Honnji Incident, and now he conquered the last resisting stronghold at Odawara (小田原). |
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| 1592 |
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| ・文禄の役 Hideyoshi's first invasion of Korea (to be withdrawn in 1593). |
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| 1597 |
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| ・慶長の役 Hideyoshi's second invasion of Korea (to be withdrawn in 1598 after Hideyoshi's death) |
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| 1600 |
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| ・関ヶ原の戦い The Battle of Sekigahara. Tokugawa Ieyasu (徳川家康) defeated the allies of the Toyotomis. |
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| 江戸時代 Edo Period (1603-1868) |
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| 1603 |
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| ・徳川家康, 江戸幕府を開く Tokugawa Ieyasu, appointed shogun by the emperor, established the Tokugawa shogunate at Edo (now Tokyo). |
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| 1614 |
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| ・大坂冬の陣 The winter siege of Osaka Castle. |
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| 1615 |
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| ・大坂夏の陣 The summer siege of Osaka Castle. Toyotomi Hideyori (豊臣秀頼), the only son of Hideyoshi, killed himself. |
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| 1637 |
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| ・島原の乱 The Shimabara Rebellion, a revolt by peasants under Christian influence, after which the shogunate's oppression of Christians was tightened. |
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| 1639 |
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| ・鎖国体制の完成 The shogunate completed the seclusion of the country from the outside world. Thereafter only Dutch and Chinese vessels were allowed to trade only at Nagasaki (長崎). |
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| 1702 |
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| ・赤穂浪士の討ち入り The Ak Incident. In December (January 1703 in the Gregorian calendar), forty-seven samurai from Ak avenged their master by carrying out a raid on Lord Kira's residence (吉良邸). The assailants were ordered to commit suicide by hara-kiri but won acclaim from the people. |
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| 1716 |
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| ・享保の改革 The Kyh Reforms. |
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| 1787 |
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| ・寛政の改革 The Kansei Reforms. |
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| 1837 |
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| ・大塩平八郎の乱 The Rebellion of shio Heihachir. |
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| 1841 |
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| ・天保の改革 The Tenp Reforms. |
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| 1853 |
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| ・ペリー来航 Commodore Matthew Perry, the commander of the East India Squadron of the United States Navy, arrived at Edo Bay (江戸湾) and demanded friendship and humanitarian aid for shipwrecked American sailors. |
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| 1854 |
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| ・日米和親条約 The Treaty of Kanagawa. Perry reappeared, and the shogunate conceded and opened the ports of Shimoda (下田) and Hakodate (函館). |
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| 1858 |
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| ・日米修好通商条約 Commercial treaties were concluded between Japan and the Western powers (the first of which was the Japan-US Friendship and Trade Treaty) under the strong leadership of the senior councillor, Ii Naosuke (井伊直弼). |
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| 1859 |
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| ・安政の大獄 The Ansei Purge. Ii Naosuke conducted a purge of opposition leaders. |
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| 1860 |
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| ・桜田門外の変 Ii Naosuke was assassinated near the Sakuradamon Gate of Edo Castle (江戸城). |
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| 1862 |
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| ・生麦事件 The Richardson Incident. An Englishman was killed at Namamugi, Yokohama (横浜), by samurai from Satsuma (薩摩) (now Kagoshima 鹿児島), one of the most radical antiforeign domains. The British government demanded heavy indemnity from Satsuma. |
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| 1863 |
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| ・薩英戦争 The Satsuma Bombardment. A British squadron appeared at Satsuma and bombarded the town. |
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| 1864 |
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| ・下関砲撃事件 The Shimonoseki Bombardment. An allied fleet of Britain, the United States, France, and Holland bombarded Chsh (長州) (now Yamaguchi 山口), another of the radical exclusionist domains whose batteries had fired at Western ships the previous year. |
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| 1866 |
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| ・薩長同盟 Satsuma and Chsh, which had long feuded with each other, concluded an alliance with a view to forming a new regime in place of the shogunate. Impressed by Western firepower, they abandoned their exclusionist policy and sought aid from Britain. |
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| 1867 |
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| ・大政奉還 The fifteenth shogun, Tokugawa Yoshinobu (徳川慶喜), anticipating the antishogunate move of Satsuma and Chsh, returned governmental authority to the emperor. Thus ended the Tokugawa shogunate, which had lasted for 265 years. |
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| ・王政復古の大号令 The restoration of imperial rule was declared. Later, the antishogunate factions demanded that the Tokugawas resign all offices and return their fiefs to the emperor. |
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| 1868 |
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| ・戊辰戦争 The Boshin War. The imperial army defeated the Tokugawas at the Battle of Toba-Fushimi (鳥羽伏見の戦い). Edo Castle fell without bloodshed. |
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