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–¾Ž¡Žž‘ã-Œ»‘ã

–¾Ž¡Žž‘ã Meiji Period (1868-1912)
1868
E–¾Ž¡ˆÛV The Meiji Restoration. The new era name, Meiji, was adopted. From this time on, each era name (Œ³†) would correspond to the reign of an emperor. Emperor Mutsuhito (–rm) is now referred to as the Emperor Meiji. Edo was renamed Tokyo (“Œ‹ž).
1869
E“Œ‹ž‘J“s Tokyo became the capital of Japan, and Edo Castle became the Imperial Palace (c‹).
E”ÅЕòŠÒ The feudal lords of the domains (han ”Ë) returned their registers of land and people to the emperor.
1871
E”p”Ë’uŒ§ The han system was abolished and prefectures were established.
1877
E¼“ì푈 The Satsuma Rebellion. Discontented elements in Satsuma revolted under SaigPo Takamori (¼‹½—²·).
1881
E‘‰ïŠJÝ‚ÌÙ An imperial edict was issued on establishing a parliament.
1885
EˆÉ“¡”Ž•¶‚ª‰‘ãŽñ‘Š‚É The cabinet system was adopted, and ItPo Hirobumi became the first prime minister.
1889
E‘å“ú–{’é‘Œ›–@Œö•z The promulgation of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
1890
E‘æˆê‰ñ’é‘‹c‰ï The first Imperial Diet was held.
1894-95
E“ú´í‘ˆ The Sino-Japanese War. Japan clashed with China over the control of Korea. Japan gained territory in the Peace Treaty of Shimonoseki (‰ºŠÖð–ñ), but the Liaotung Peninsula (—É“Œ”¼“‡) was later returned to China at the intervention of the Western powers.
1902
E“ú‰p“¯–¿ The Anglo-Japanese Alliance.
1904-5
E“ú˜I푈 The Russo-Japanese War. Japan clashed with Russia over influence in East Asia. The Russian-held Port Arthur (L¨ushun —·‡) fell and Russia's Baltic Fleet (ƒoƒ‹ƒ`ƒbƒNŠÍ‘à) was annihilated at the Battle of Tsushima (“ú–{ŠCŠCí). Through the intercession of US President Theodore Roosevelt (ƒ‹[ƒYƒ”ƒFƒ‹ƒg), the Peace Treaty of Portsmouth (ƒ|[ƒcƒ}ƒXð–ñ) was concluded.
1910
EŠØ‘•¹‡ Japan annexed Korea.

‘峎ž‘ã TaishPo Period (1912-1926)
1912
E‘峓Vc‚ª‘¦ˆÊ Accession of the Emperor TaishPo (Yoshihito ‰Ãm).
1914-18
E‘æˆêŽŸ¢ŠE‘åí The First World War. Japan attacked German territories in China and the Pacific and increased its influence in East Asia.
1918
EƒVƒxƒŠƒAo•º Japan sent an expeditionary force to Siberia in a joint intervention to check the Russian Revolution (ƒƒVƒAŠv–½). Japan was criticized when its large army remained after the other powers had pulled out. Japan withdrew only in 1922.
1922
E“ú–{‹¤ŽY“}Œ‹“} The Japan Communist Party was founded.
1923
EŠÖ“Œ‘åkÐ The Great KantPo Earthquake.

º˜aŽž‘ã ShPowa Period (1926-1989)
1926
Eº˜a“Vc‚ª‘¦ˆÊ Accession of the Emperor ShPowa (Hirohito —Tm).
1931
E–žBŽ–•Ï The Manchurian Incident. The Japanese Army invaded Manchuria, blaming China for the Mukden Incident (–öðaŽ–Œ) on September 18 at Liutiaogou, where Japanese forces had blown up part of the South Manchuria Railway (“ì–žB“S“¹).
1932
E–žB‘Œš‘ Japan set up the puppet state of Manchukuo.
EŒÜ¥ˆêŒÜŽ–Œ The May 15 Incident. Prime Minister Inukai Tsuyoshi (Œ¢—{‹B) was assassinated, marking the end of party government as the influence of the military grew.
1936
E“ñ¥“ñ˜ZŽ–Œ The February 26 Incident. Young military officers assassinated government ministers and attempted a coup d'´etat with a force of 1,400.
1937
E“ú’†í‘ˆ–u”­ The Sino-Japanese War. With the Marco Polo Bridge Incident (á¸a‹´Ž–Œ) at Lugouqiao, Japan began its invasion of China, which was to become one theater of the Second World War (‘æ“ñŽŸ¢ŠE‘åí) (1939-45).
1940
E“ú“ƈɎO‘“¯–¿ The Tripartite Pact among Japan, Germany, and Italy.
1941
E‘¾•½—m푈–u”­ The Pacific War started with Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 8 (December 7 local time).
1942
Eƒ~ƒbƒhƒEƒF[ŠCí Japan suffered a crushing defeat in the naval Battle of Midway.
1945
EL“‡¥’·è‚Ö‚ÌŒ´”š“Š‰º The United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima (August 6) and Nagasaki (August 9).
E“ú–{, ƒ|ƒcƒ_ƒ€éŒ¾‚ðŽó‘ø‚µ–³ðŒ~•š Japan surrendered. The emperor announced the end of the war on the radio on August 15, following the acceptance of the Potsdam Declaration the previous day. Japan's formal surrender was signed on September 2. The US military under Douglas MacArthur (ƒ}ƒbƒJ[ƒT[) occupied Japan.
1946
E“Vc‚ÌlŠÔ錾 The emperor publicly denied his own divinity.
E“ú–{‘Œ›–@‚ÌŒö•z The promulgation of the new Constitution of Japan, which renounced war forever.
1947-48
E•ÐŽR“àŠt The Katayama Administration. Katayama Tetsu became Japan's first socialist prime minister.
1948-54
E‹g“c“àŠt The Yoshida Administration.
1950-53
E’©‘N푈 The Korean War. The Japanese economy boomed due to US military procurement.
1950
EŒxŽ@—\”õ‘à”­‘« The Police Reserve Force was set up at MacArthur's direction. Japan in effect began rearming to assist the US.
1951
EƒTƒ“ƒtƒ‰ƒ“ƒVƒXƒRu˜að–ñ The San Francisco Peace Treaty. Japan made peace with its opponents in World War II. (The Soviet Union, China, etc. were not included.)
E“ú•ÄˆÀ‘S•Ûáð–ñ The US-Japan Security Treaty.
1952
E•ÛˆÀ‘à”­‘« The National Security Force was formed through the reinforcement of the Police Reserve Force.
E“ú–{‚Ì“Æ—§ The San Francisco treaty took effect and Japan regained sovereignty, but the US military was not withdrawn and Okinawa (‰«“ê) remained occupied.
1954
EŽ©‰q‘à”­‘« The Self-Defense Forces were established in place of the National Security Force.
E‘æŒÜ•Ÿ—³ŠÛŽ–Œ The Lucky Dragon Incident. The crew of the Japanese fishing vessel the Fifth FukuryPu Maru (“Lucky Dragon”) were exposed to fallout from an American hydrogen bomb test at Bikini Atoll (ƒrƒLƒjŠÂÊ).
1954-56
E”µŽR“àŠt The Hatoyama Administration.
1955
EŽ©—R–¯Žå“}¬—§, “ú–{ŽÐ‰ï“}Ä“ˆê The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) was formed by the merger of two major conservative parties, and the Social Democratic Party of Japan (SDP) was reunified. The LDP would hold power until 1993 with the SDP as the major opposition.
1956
E“úƒ\‹¤“¯éŒ¾ The Japan-Soviet Joint Declaration, marking the end of hostilities after World War II. A peace treaty was not concluded as the Soviet Union refused to return the Northern Territories (–k•û—Ì“y) to Japan.
1960
EˆÀ•Û“¬‘ˆ The US-Japan Security Treaty was amended with more commitment on the side of Japan despite widespread protest. When the LDP pushed ratification through the Diet, opposition grew vehement and Prime Minister Kishi Nobusuke (ŠÝM‰î) was forced to resign.
1960-64
E’r“c“àŠt The Ikeda Administration.
1960 ”N‘ã
E‚“xŒoϬ’· The Japanese economy grew rapidly.
1964
E“ŒŠC“¹VŠ²ü‰c‹ÆŠJŽn The Shinkansen (bullet train) started operating between Tokyo and Osaka.
E“Œ‹žƒIƒŠƒ“ƒsƒbƒN The Olympic Games were held in Tokyo.
1964-72
E²“¡“àŠt The SatPo Administration.
1965
E“úŠØŠî–{ð–ñ The Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea.
1968
E”ñŠjŽOŒ´‘¥ The three nonnuclear principles (not to make, possess, or allow the entry of nuclear weapons) were announced in the Diet by Prime Minister SatPo Eisaku (²“¡‰hì).
E‘åŠw•´‘ˆL‚ª‚é Campus disputes spread nationwide, reaching a climax in January 1969 with the storming by police of the student-occupied Yasuda Auditorium (ˆÀ“cu“°) at the University of Tokyo (“Œ‹ž‘åŠw).
1972
E‰«“ê•ÔŠÒ Okinawa was returned to Japan, though a large part of the land continued to be used by the US military.
1972-74
E“c’†“àŠt The Tanaka Administration.
1973
EΖûƒVƒ‡ƒbƒN Oil Crisis. The price of crude oil soared due to the Yom Kippur War (‘æŽlŽŸ’†“Œí‘ˆ), precipitating a worldwide energy crisis.
1978
E“ú’†•½˜a—FDð–ñ The Japan-China Peace and Friendship Treaty.
1983-87
E’†‘]ª“àŠt The Nakasone Administration. The telephone and railway public corporations were privatized.
1980 ”N‘ã
E“ú•Ä–fˆÕ–€ŽC Trade disputes between Japan and the US. The US experienced budget and trade deficits while Japanese industry prospered.

•½¬Žž‘ã Heisei Period (1989-@@)
1989
EVŒ³†•½¬ Accession of the present emperor (Akihito –¾m). The era name is Heisei.
1991
Eƒoƒuƒ‹Œi‹C‚Ì•ö‰ó The bursting of the bubble economy. Funded by loans secured with real estate, the boom failed once the soaring land prices began to plummet.
1991-
E•½¬•s‹µ The long recession of the Heisei Era.
1993
E55 ”N‘̧‚Ì•ö‰ó The split of the LDP precipitated a reorganization of political parties, including the foundation of the Democratic Party of Japan (–¯Žå“}) in 1996.
1993-94
E×ì“àŠt The Hosokawa Administration. The first non-LDP government since 1955 would be succeeded by another brief non-LDP cabinet.
1994-96
E‘ºŽR“àŠt The Murayama Administration. A coalition between the LDP and SDP.
1995
Eã_‘åkÐ The uGreat Hanshin [Kobe] Earthquake.
2002
E“ú’©‘Œð³í‰»ŒðŠJŽn Japan and North Korea began talks to normalize diplomatic relations.





Œ¤‹†ŽÐOnline Dictionary © Kenkyusha Co., Ltd. 2004.