| 先史時代-1000 |
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| ・四大文明 Four early civilizations developed in Mesopotamia, the Nile valley, the Indus valley, and the Yellow River valley. |
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| 563 ころ |
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| ・仏陀誕生 Gautama Buddha was born in India. |
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| 551 |
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| ・孔子誕生 Confucius was born in China. |
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| 492-449 |
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| ・ペルシャ戦争 The Persian Wars. The Greeks repulsed the Persians. |
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| 431-404 |
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| ・ペロポンネソス戦争 The Peloponnesian War. Greek city-states fought among themselves, taking sides with either Athens (アテネ) or Sparta (スパルタ). |
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| 334-324 |
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| ・アレクサンドロス大王の東征 Alexander the Great of Macedonia (マケドニア) led an expedition to the east, conquering the Persian Empire in 331. |
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| 264-146 |
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| ・ポエニ戦争 The Punic Wars. Rome (ローマ) defeated Carthage (カルタゴ) and gained supremacy in the Mediterranean (地中海). |
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| 221 |
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| ・秦の始皇帝による中国統一 Shi Huangdi of Qin unified the warring states in China. |
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| 202 |
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| ・中国で漢王朝が成立 The Han Dynasty was established in China. |
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| 44 |
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| ・カエサルの暗殺 Julius Caesar was assassinated in Rome. |
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| 27 |
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| ・アウグストゥスによるローマ帝政開始 Octavian (Augustus) became the princeps (プリンケプス＝第一人者) of Rome, starting an imperial government. |
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| 4 ころ |
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| ・イエス誕生 Jesus Christ was born in Bethlehem (ベツレヘム). |
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| 紀元前/紀元後 |
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| 67 ころ |
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| ・使徒ペテロ, パウロの殉教 Martyrdom of Apostles Paul and Peter. On the burial place of the latter at the foot of the Vatican Hill (ヴァチカンの丘) now stands St. Peter's Basilica (サンピエトロ大聖堂). |
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| 96-180 |
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| ・ローマ帝国の最盛期 The Roman Empire reached the height of its prosperity under the five good emperors. |
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| 166 |
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| ・ローマ皇帝の使者中国に至る An envoy from Rome reached China (Later Han) by sea. |
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| 226 |
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| ・パルティアを滅ぼし, ササン朝ペルシャ成立 The Persians established the Sassanian dynasty after defeating the Parthians in 224. |
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| 313 |
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| ・ローマ帝国でキリスト教公認 The Emperor Constantine (コンスタンティヌス) legalized Christianity, which would be established as the national religion later in the century under Theodosius (テオドシウス). |
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| 320 ころ |
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| ・インドでグプタ朝成立 The Gupta dynasty was established in India. |
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| 375 |
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| ・ゲルマン民族大移動の開始 The Visigoths (西ゴート族), driven by the Huns (フン族), crossed the Danube (ドナウ川) and entered the Roman Empire, marking the beginning of the Germanic migration. |
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| 441-453 |
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| ・フン族のローマ帝国侵入 The Huns under King Attila (アッティラ) invaded the Roman Empire. |
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| 476 |
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| ・西ローマ帝国の滅亡 The fall of the Western Roman Empire. |
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| 5 世紀末 |
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| ・フランク王国成立 The Frankish Kingdom was established in present-day France. |
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| 570 ころ |
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| ・マホメット誕生 Muhammad was born at Mecca (メッカ). |
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| 589 |
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| ・中国で隋王朝が国内統一 The Sui Dynasty, founded in 581, reunited China. |
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| 618 |
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| ・中国で唐王朝の成立 The Tang Dynasty was established in China. |
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| 622 |
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| ・ヒジュラ(マホメットの聖遷) Muhammad moved from Mecca to Medina (メディナ). |
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| 651 |
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| ・ササン朝ペルシャ滅亡 The Sassanian dynasty was conquered by the Arabs. |
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| 661 |
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| ・ウマイヤ朝成立 The Umayyad Dynasty was established based at Damascus (ダマスカス). At the zenith, its influence extended from Spain to the Indus. |
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| 732 |
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| ・トゥール･ポワティエの戦い The Battle of Tours and Poitiers. A Muslim invasion from the Iberian Peninsula was defeated in France. |
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| 750 |
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| ・ウマイヤ朝を倒し, アッバース朝成立 The Umayyad fell and the Abbasid Dynasty was established based at Baghdad (バグダード). |
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| 751 |
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| ・タラスの戦い The Battle of Talas. The Arab army defeated the Chinese. Chinese prisoners spread papermaking to the west. |
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| 756 |
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| ・後ウマイヤ朝がイベリア半島に成立 The Umayyad Dynasty was revived in the Iberian Peninsula. |
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| 8 世紀 |
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| ・ボロブドゥール建設 Borobudur was built in Indonesia. |
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| 800 |
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| ・カールの戴冠 The coronation of Charlemagne, the Frankish king, by the pope at the Vatican, reviving the ancient Western Roman Empire (later the Holy Roman Empire). |
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| 843 |
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| ・ヴェルダン条約 The Treaty of Verdun. The Frankish Kingdom was divided into three. |
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| 870 |
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| ・メルセン条約 The Treaty of Mersen. The three Frankish kingdoms were reorganized into roughly the present-day France, Germany, and Italy. |
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| 960 |
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| ・中国で宋王朝成立 The Song Dynasty was founded in China. |
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