| 1000-1500 |
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| 1031 |
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| ・後ウマイヤ朝滅び, キリスト教徒による国土回復運動加速 The Umayyad Dynasty collapsed in the Iberian Peninsula, spurring the Reconquista movement among Christians. |
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| 1037 |
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| ・セルジュクトルコ成立 The Seljuk Turks were established in Iran, with their leader proclaimed sultan in 1038. |
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| 1066 |
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| ・イングランドのノルマン人による征服 The Norman Conquest. England was conquered by the Norman King William I (ウィリアム 1 世). |
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| 1077 |
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| ・カノッサの屈辱 The Emperor Henry IV (ハインリヒ 4 世), excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII (グレゴリオ 7 世), was forced to humble himself at Canossa. |
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| 1096 |
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| ・第一回十字軍 (-99), エルサレム王国を建国 The First Crusade. The Kingdom of Jerusalem was established (1099-1291). |
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| 12 世紀 |
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| ・アンコールワット完成 Angkor Wat was completed by the Khmers in Cambodia. |
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| 1127 |
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| ・中国で金が宋を滅ぼし, 宋一族は南宋樹立 In China, Jin, founded in 1115, conquered Song, which retained its sovereignty as Southern Song. |
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| 1147 |
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| ・第二回十字軍 (-49) The Second Crusade. |
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| 1189 |
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| ・第三回十字軍 (-92) The Third Crusade. |
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| 1202 |
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| ・第四回十字軍 (-04), ラテン帝国を建国 The Fourth Crusade. Constantinople (コンスタンティノープル) was conquered and the Latin Empire was established (1204-61). |
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| 1206 |
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| ・チンギス･ハンがモンゴル帝国建国 Genghis Khan established the Mongol Empire. After his death in 1227, four Khanates (汗国) were formed in the empire by his descendants. |
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| 1215 |
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| ・大憲章(マグナ･カルタ) King John (ジョン王) of England was forced to grant the Magna Carta. |
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| 1228 |
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| ・第五回十字軍 (-29) The Fifth Crusade. |
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| 1234 |
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| ・モンゴルが金を征服 The Mongols conquered northern China (Jin). |
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| 1240 ころ |
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| ・モンゴルがロシアを征服 The Mongols subjugated Russia. The conquerer would establish the Golden Horde (Kipchak Khanate) (キプチャク汗国) in 1243. |
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| 1241 |
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| ・リーグニッツの戦い The Battle of Liegnitz. The Mongols under Batu defeated a combined army of Germans and Poles. |
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| 1248 |
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| ・第六回十字軍 (-54) The Sixth Crusade. |
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| 1256-73 |
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| ・大空位時代 The Great Interregnum in the Holy Roman Empire. |
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| 1257 |
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| ・タイで統一王朝のスコタイ朝成立 The kingdom of Sukhothai was established in Thailand. |
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| 1258 |
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| ・モンゴルがアッバース朝を征服 The Mongols conquered the Abbasid caliphate and established the empire of the Il-Khans in Persia. |
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| 1270 |
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| ・第七回十字軍 (-72) The Seventh Crusade. |
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| 1271 |
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| ・モンゴルのフビライ･ハン, 国名を元に Kublai Khan, now established in Beijing, renamed his dynasty as Yuan. |
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| 1274 |
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| ・元の第一次日本侵攻失敗(文永の役) The first Mongol invasion of Japan failed. |
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| 1275 |
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| ・マルコ･ポーロ, 元都に到達 Marco Polo, a traveller from Venice, arrived at Beijing. |
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| 1279 |
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| ・元が南宋を征服 Yuan (Mongols) conquered southern China (Southern Song). |
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| 1281 |
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| ・元の第二次日本侵攻失敗(弘安の役) The second Mongol invasion of Japan failed. |
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| 1299 |
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| ・オスマントルコ成立 The Ottomans broke free from the Seljuks. Osman I was proclaimed sultan in 1301. |
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| 1337 |
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| ・英仏間で百年戦争勃発 (-1453) The Hundred Years' War between England and France began. |
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| 1350 |
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| ・タイでアユタヤ朝成立 The kingdom of Ayutthaya was established in Thailand. |
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| 1368 |
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| ・明の建国 The Ming Dynasty was established in China. |
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| 1370 |
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| ・ティムール帝国建国 Timur proclaimed himself restorer of the Mongol Empire. The Timurid Empire would fall in 1500. |
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| 1392 |
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| ・李成桂, 高麗を滅ぼし朝鮮王国を建国 Yi Song-kye conquered Koguryo and founded the Korean Kingdom. |
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| 1402 |
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| ・アンカラの戦い The Battle of Ankara. Timur defeated the Ottomans (オスマントルコ). |
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| 1415 |
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| ・アジャンクールの戦い The Battle of Agincourt. The English defeated the French. |
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| 1429 |
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| ・ジャンヌ･ダルクによるオルレアンの解放 The victorious English were forced to raise the siege of Orl ans because of the French offensive inspired by Joan of Arc. |
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| 1445 ころ |
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| ・グーテンベルク, 活版印刷術を発明 Gutenberg invented printing with movable type. |
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| 1453 |
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| ・百年戦争終結 The Hundred Years' War ended. England lost all territories in France but Calais (カレー). |
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| ・東ローマ帝国の滅亡 Constantinople fell to a siege by the Ottoman Empire. The Eastern Roman Empire ceased to exist. |
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| 1455-85 |
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| ・ばら戦争 The Wars of the Roses raged between the houses of Lancaster (ランカスター) and York (ヨーク) over the throne of England, leading to the establishment of the House of Tudor (チューダー). |
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| 1466 |
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| ・レオナルド･ダ･ヴィンチ, フィレンツェに Young Leonardo da Vinci went to Florence. He would become one of the greatest men of the Renaissance (ルネサンス) (about 13th to 16th century). |
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| 1477 |
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| ・ブルゴーニュ公国の男系途絶 The last Duke of Burgundy was killed in a battle. His territories, including the Netherlands (現オランダ) and Flanders (フランドル), would be absorbed by Austria and France. |
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| 1479 |
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| ・アラゴン･カスティリアの合併によりスペイン王国成立 The Kingdom of Spain was established through the union of Aragon and Castile. |
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| 1480 |
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| ・モスクワ大公国のイワン3世, タタール人の支配を脱する Ivan III freed the Grand Duchy of Muscovy from Tartar (Mongol) rule. |
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| 1488 |
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| ・バルトロメオ･ディアスの喜望峰到達 A Portuguese navigator, Bartholomew D az, sailed past the Cape of Good Hope. |
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| 1492 |
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| ・コロンブス, 西インド諸島に到達 A Genoese navigator, Christopher Columbus, reached the West Indies. |
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| ・グラナダ陥落 Spain conquered the last Muslim foothold in the Iberian Peninsula, Granada, completing the Reconquista. |
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| 1498 |
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| ・ヴァスコ･ダ･ガマ, インドに到達 A Portuguese navigator, Vasco da Gama, opened a sea route to India. |
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