| 1500-1700 |
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| 1502 |
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| ・サファヴィー朝ペルシャ成立 The Safavid dynasty was established in Persia. |
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| 1517 |
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| ・マルティン･ルターによる宗教改革の開始 Martin Luther's 95 theses (95 か条の論題) touched off the Reformation. |
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| 1519 |
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| ・カール五世が神聖ローマ皇帝に Charles V was elected Holy Roman Emperor. He was already King Charles I (カルロス 1 世) of Spain, a colonial empire on which “the sun never set.” |
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| 1521 |
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| ・コルテス, アステカを征服 The Spanish army under Hernando Cort s conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico. |
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| 1522 |
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| ・マゼランの率いた船が世界周航を達成 The first circumnavigation of the globe, begun in 1519 by Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan, was completed. Magellan himself was killed in the Philippines in 1521. |
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| 1526 |
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| ・インドにムガール帝国建国 The Mughal Empire was founded in India. |
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| 1529 |
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| ・オスマントルコのウィーン包囲 The first siege of Vienna by the Turks of the Ottoman Empire. |
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| 1533 |
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| ・ピサロ, インカを征服 The Spanish army under Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire. |
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| 1534 |
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| ・イングランドの宗教改革 The Anglican Church (イングランド国教会) was established in England with the Act of Supremacy (国王至上法). |
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| 1543 |
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| ・コペルニクス, 地動説を発表 Copernicus published his heliocentric theory. |
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| 1553 |
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| ・九日間の女王ジェーン･グレー Jane Grey was set up as Queen of England but reigned for only nine days, replaced by the Catholic Mary I (メアリー 1 世). |
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| 1555 |
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| ・アウクスブルクの和議 The Peace of Augsburg between the emperor and the Lutherans (ルター派). |
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| 1556 |
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| ・ムガル帝国でアクバル即位 The accession of Akbar would lead to the golden age of the Mughal Empire. |
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| 1558 |
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| ・エリザベス女王即位 Accession of Elizabeth I as Queen of England. |
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| 1568 |
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| ・オランダ独立戦争 (-1648) The Dutch revolt against Spanish rule would evolve into the Dutch War of Independence. |
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| 1571 |
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| ・レパントの海戦 The Battle of Lepanto. A fleet of allied Christian forces (mainly from Venice and Spain) defeated the Turks of the Ottoman Empire. |
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| 1581 |
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| ・オランダのスペインからの独立宣言 The Dutch declared independence from the rule of King Philip II (フェリペ 2 世) of Spain by the Act of Abjuration (王権喪失宣言). |
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| 1588 |
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| ・スペイン無敵艦隊の敗北 The Spanish Armada was defeated by the English. |
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| 1598 |
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| ・ナントの勅令 Henry IV (アンリ 4 世) signed the Edict of Nantes, putting an end to the religious fighting in France. |
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| 1602 |
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| ・マテオ･リッチの坤輿万国全図 Matteo Ricci produced his world map. |
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| 1603 |
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| ・イングランド･スコットランドの同君連合 James VI of Scotland succeeded to the English throne as James I (ジェームズ 1 世), thus starting the personal union of England and Scotland. |
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| 1613 |
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| ・ロシアにロマノフ朝成立 The Romanov Dynasty was established in Russia. |
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| 1616 |
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| ・中国に清朝成立 The Qing (Manchu) Dynasty was established in China (called Later Jin until 1636). |
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| 1618 |
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| ・三十年戦争勃発 The Thirty Years' War began in Germany. |
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| 1620 |
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| ・メイフラワー号新大陸へ渡り, プリマス植民地建設 The Pilgrim Fathers (巡礼始祖) crossed to the New World and founded the colony of Plymouth. |
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| 1642 |
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| ・ピューリタン革命 (-49) The Puritan Revolution. The civil war in England would end with the beheading of King Charles I (チャールズ 1 世). |
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| 1648 |
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| ・ウエストファリア条約により三十年戦争終結 The Thirty Years' War ended with the Peace of Westphalia. |
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| 1649 |
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| ・イングランドで共和国成立 The Commonwealth was established in England. |
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| 1653 |
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| ・クロムウェル, 護国卿に Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector. |
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| ・タージマハル廟完成 The Taj Mahal, the mausoleum for a Mughal empress, was completed. |
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| 1660 |
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| ・イングランドの王政復古 The restoration of the monarchy in England. |
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| 1661 |
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| ・ルイ 14 世の親政開始 Personal rule by Louis XIV began in France. |
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| 1672 |
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| ・ルイ 14 世のオランダ侵略戦争 (-78) Louis XIV invaded the Netherlands. |
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| 1683 |
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| ・オスマントルコのウィーン包囲 The second siege of Vienna by the Turks of the Ottoman Empire. |
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| 1685 |
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| ・ナントの勅令の廃止 Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes. |
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| 1688 |
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| ・名誉革命 The Glorious Revolution. William, Prince of Orange (オレンジ公ウィリアム), crossed to England. James II (ジェームズ 2 世) fled the country. |
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| 1689 |
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| ・権利宣言 The Prince and Princess of Orange accepted the Declaration of Rights and were crowned as William III (ウィリアム 3 世) and Mary II (メアリー 2 世). The declaration was to become law as the Bill of Rights (権利章典) later in the year. |
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